Water is essential to life. It is important to ensure adequate supply of good quality water, particularly for those living in arid regions where it is scarce. Since such regions are prone to drought, dependence on groundwater increases for food security and meeting drinking requirements. However, over exploitation of groundwater, zero recharge or harvesting of rainwater and lack of awareness on conservation methods lead to depletion of water. This results in sub-optimal use of agricultural land that leads to deterioration of land quality.
Due to the lack of irrigation facilities and with a drastic drop in water levels in non-monsoon months, farmers are unable to cultivate a second crop. This results in loss of work for labourers, forcing many to migrate in search of work. Also, unproductive land and a scarcity of potable water leads to water-borne diseases. Tackling these is a challenge in arid regions.
Continuous efforts are being made by the government, non-profit organizations and individuals to conserve and recharge water. A steady depletion of groundwater and frequent droughts in Kutch, Gujarat, made it imperative for Adani Foundation to take up work systematically for water conservation in the region, particularly in Mundra. Due to arid climatic conditions in the region, it is essential to plan for water security for drinking and livelihood purposes. The Foundation prepared a plan considering the weather conditions, rainfall, geohydrological conditions and water demand with a focus on creating a sustainable agri-based community.
Under its Swajal Project, the Foundation aims to address the alarming depletion of groundwater levels and reduction in water sources in various parts of Kutch district. By devising eco-friendly and cost-efficient methods of rejuvenation, the project works to revive existing water resources, plans sustainable infrastructure for protection of natural waterbodies and improves ecological conditions in the area.
The Foundation involved farmers, community members, gram panchayats and government departments throughout the various phases of the project. A thorough study of the topography and watershed delineation and primary water-related data was gathered through experts with involvement of the government to identify waterbodies and the proposed project sites. A Participatory Rural Appraisal approach, backed by triangulated baseline assessment data, was used to implement local solutions for resolving issues. Local youth were trained as ‘Bhujal Jankars’ to collect data, and for site monitoring and management activities.
The Foundation engaged with beneficiaries and government bodies to develop and implement techniques for collection and storage of rainwater. They reached out to communities through the Pani Samiti, gram panchayat or village development committee, followed by focus group discussions and ‘faliya’ (hamlet) meetings with women and street plays with school kids. This created awareness of improved access to clean and safe water and reducing pollution and effects of climatic change.
The efforts paid off. There has been an increase in water storage in stream for irrigation, boosting livelihoods post-stream rejuvenation that encouraged sustainable agriculture. Promotion of micro irrigation systems, like drip irrigation, in the region has impacted the overall wellbeing of the farming population. Through rooftop rainwater harvesting and borewell recharge, water sources are created for use throughout the year. Villagers no longer travel long distances to fetch water. Potable water is now available at their doorstep. The availability of water has also ensured safety, security and overall well-being of women and children in the area.
The initiatives and efforts made by the Foundation continue to provide sustainable solutions for the community for their improved farming and ease of living.
